This symphony is probably Haydn's most extraordinary composition and is important not only for its originality but also for its purpose since it was composed as a means of protest. The story goes like this: in 1772, Haydn worked as a Kapellmeister (conductor) to Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy, a Hungarian prince. Haydn was temporarily living at the Prince's castle (an expensive castle competing Versailles) in Hungary, together with a number of musicians comprising the resident house orchestra. In his position, Haydn was an employee of the Prince but also an employer of the musicians. The musicians were longing to return home and see their families because that year was an especially long year of work at the Prince's castle and their return had been delayed. Haydn, sympathetic to his employees' troubles, decided to put in action the humorous side of his personality (he was famous for his playful wit) and help them by writing this symphony and include in it a special ending where there was a very slow part.
In the premier of the "Farewell" symphony, as this slow section began, one musician after the other finished his part, blew out his candle and left the stage. Did this courteous and well mannered protest really work? The following day, the Prince allowed the musicians to leave and go back to their families. Imagine a society where a protest in the form of music can have such an effect. And how Haydn's playful personality helped to resolve the problem!